网上有关“诸葛亮的出师表中“以昭陛下平明之理”中的“理”是念zhi（四声）还是li（三声）？”话题很是火热，小编也是针对诸葛亮的出师表中“以昭陛下平明之理”中的“理”是念zhi（四声）还是li（三声）？寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。
念三声，li ，而非四声zhi ， 如果要zhi 的话，那么这里面的‘理’应该是一个通假字，通‘治’，治理的意思。但是前文中‘平明’二字，并非形容政治，而是用来形容人的。所以通假字，不成立，而且，按‘理’li 理解，其句中亦十分通顺，对字义、句义都很顺。
出师表(原文)
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、棉、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言.
译文：
先帝创立帝业还没有完成一半，就中途去世了。现在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吴三国，我们蜀国人力疲惫，物力又很缺乏，这确实是国家危急存亡的关键时刻。然而，侍卫大臣们在宫廷内毫不懈怠，忠诚有志的将士在疆场上舍身作战，这都是因为追念先帝在世时对他们的特殊待遇，想报效给陛下啊。陛下确实应该广泛地听取群臣的意见，发扬光大先帝留下的美德，弘扬志士们的气概；不应该随随便便地看轻自己，言谈中称引譬喻不合大义（说话不恰当），以致堵塞忠臣进谏劝告的道路。
皇宫的侍臣和丞相府的宫吏都是一个整体，对他们的提升、处分、表扬、批评，不应该因人而有什么差别。如果有营私舞弊、违犯法律和尽忠行害的人，陛下应交给主管的官吏，由他们评定应得的处罚或奖赏，用来表明陛下公正严明的治理方针。不应偏袒徇私，使得宫内和宫外有不同的法则。侍中郭攸之、费祎、侍郎董允等人，他们都是忠良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二，因此先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下。我认为宫中的事情，无论大小，陛下都应征询他们，然后再去实施，这样一定能补求欠缺疏漏的地方，获得更好的效果。将军向宠，性格和善，品德公正，精通军事，从前经过试用，先帝称赞他有才能，因此大家商议推举他做中部督。我认为军营中的事务，都应与他商量，这样一定能使军队团结协作，将士才干高的差的、队伍强的，都能够得到合理的安排。亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是前汉兴隆昌盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是后汉所以倾覆衰败的原因。先帝在世时，每次与我谈论这些事，没有一次不对桓、灵二帝感到叹息、惋惜痛心的。侍中郭攸之、费祎，尚书陈震，长史张裔，参军蒋琬，这些都是忠贞贤良能够以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们、信任他们，那么汉室的兴隆就指日可待了。
我本来是一介平民，在南阳亲自种田，只求能在乱世中暂且保全性命，不奢求在诸侯面前有什么名气。先帝不因我身世卑微、见识短浅，反而降低自己的身份，三次到草庐里来访问我，向我征询对当今天下大事的意见，我因此十分感激，于是答应先帝愿为他奔走效劳。后来遇到失败，我在战败的时候接到委任，在危难的时候奉命出使东吴，从那时到现在已经二十一年了。先帝（刘备）知道我谨慎，因此在临终前把国家大事托付给我（诸葛亮）。自从接受任命以来，我日夜忧虑叹息，担心不能将先帝的托付的事情办好，有损先帝的圣明。所以我在五月渡过泸水，深入到荒凉的地方。现在南方已经平定，兵器已经准备充足，应当鼓舞并率领三军，向北方平定中原。希望全部贡献出自己平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的曹魏，复兴汉室，回到原来的都城洛阳。这是我用来报答先帝并忠于陛下的职责的本分。至于对政事的斟酌兴废，进献忠诚的建议，那是郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的责任。
希望陛下把讨伐奸贼、复兴汉室的任务交给我，如果没有完成，就请治我重罪，来告慰先帝在天之灵。如果没有劝勉陛下宣扬圣德的忠言，就责备郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来揭露他们的过失；陛下自己也应该认真考虑国家大事，征询治理国国的好办法，听取正确的意见，深切追念先帝的遗训。如果能够这样，我就受恩感激不尽了。现在我就要辞别陛下远行了，面对奏表热泪纵横，不知说了些什么。
这是英文翻译: Xiandi to create the great cause of the unfinished half, had died half-way. Now the world is divided into three, I Yizhou area of human fatigue, the people's livelihood is sluggish, which is in very critical to the survival of the unpredictable moments. However, the court guards serve the administrations, some dare not slacken our efforts; on the battlefield loyalty of those generals and soldiers, sacrifice their lives to forget the war dead, this is Xiandi remember the special case of TU, I would like to return to His Majesty's sake. His Majesty should be really open Qun Chen listen to the views of Xiandi carry forward the legacy of the United States and Germany, are exciting and encouraging people with lofty ideals of courage, should not be looked down upon ourselves, not to tell the truth, and thus blocked the path of loyalty to put forward their advices.
Jin Chen and around the temple of the prime minister's office to guide officials, is a whole, reward or punishment, good and evil forces, should not be different standards. If a bad thing for violation of the law and order, or try to do charity and loyalty, should be handed over to authorities to punish or reward in order to show that His Majesty the management have a clear grasp of the fair, the cut should not be biased towards selfishness, both within and outside the court to make a different light.
Shi Zhong Guo Yau, the fee Yi, DONG Yun Shi Lang, and so on, these are some good qualities of honesty, loyalty idea of pure emotion, and therefore elected to stay only Xiandi assist His Majesty. I think the Imperial Household things matter big or small, should seek their advice, and then implemented again. This will certainly be able to error correction, gain practical results.
General to the pet, just and peaceful moral character, proficient understanding of the military, then the trial, Xiandi has to be commended, he said, competent, and therefore recommend the appointment by the council for the people of Central Governor. I think the army camp thing, no matter what size, should seek professional advice, we will be able to make the military Wu unity and harmony, the ability of people have the right level.
Close Xian Chen, Yuan Bi villain, which is the early Han Dynasty tick of the reasons; little closer, Yuanbixianchen This is a decline in the late Han Dynasty. Xiandi alive, every time I comment on these things from, for Huandi, Lingdi times, and do not lament the Hanhen. Shi Zhong Guo Yau, the fee Yi, Shang Shu Zhen, Zhang-chief, Jiang Wan to join the army, are loyal, frank, in order to be able to serve the country's death justice section administrations, His Majesty the sincerity would like to close them, trust them, the Han The prosperity of the royal family, the time is near.
I was a civilian, Nanyang County in the pro-tillage farming, the chaos in the world just to preserve lives, I do not know that the leaders desire to obtain and dignitaries. Xiandi I do not mind who is on the low short-term exposure to lower their capacity as patronizing, Cao Lu in three of them to visit, consult the event of the current situation, therefore I am deeply grateful, so Xiandi agreed to run the service. Later, faced defeat in the failure of the war when I accepted the appointment, in adversity during the crisis I was appointed, has been a 21.
Xiandi know that I do care, so when he dies, the temporary management of state affairs entrusted to me. Testament to accept, they can not afford worry day and night, only I am afraid that I entrusted to the great can not be completed, to the detriment of Xiandi wise. May I Shuaibingnandu Lushui depth of barren territory. Now the South has already pacification, adequate weapons arsenal, should be encouraged and led the whole army, put down the Central Plains region of the Northern Expedition, I would like to be able to do their own low, the eradication of treacherous forces and revival of the Han Dynasty royal family, moved to the old capital. This is what I used to repay Xiandi and do the duties of loyalty to His Majesty part. As to weigh the advantages and disadvantages, without reservation Xianzhong into words, it is that Yau Kwok, the fee Yi, DONG Yun of the responsibility.
I hope that His Majesty instructed to Jianzei crusade and efficiently, if successful, it would be my duty to punish the guilty, Xiandi appeal to the gods. If there is no carry forward the saint's remarks, Guo You-blamed for it, the fee Yi, DONG Yun and others neglect to announce their guilt. His Majesty also thought his plan to seek the truth from the good, to have a clear grasp and accept the integrity of the words into, well read in Xiandi Testament's will, I Shouen, a grateful.
North Korea is now due from the expedition, wrote the tears of this table, get excited I do not know what to say.
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